b. No. I know this is disputed, but it fails the 2nd test.
d. This is not a Transformer specific question. This is a generic "collector" question. Do two 1974 pennies make a 2 coin collection? I don't know. I personally consider a collection an array of UNIQUE pieces.
g. If there is only one collective alt or robot mode, then it counts as one.
h. "Peripherals" are just that.
EDIT: Based on the reduction of your questions, it seems to me that to you only these four situations require clarification (which I still disagree with), so that means you should really only need four articles at most.