Wow, how have I missed this in-depth discussion up until now?! I love me some TF theorising.
I'm not well-versed in citing Canon from the varying sources we have, but all my reading of articles on the TFWiki over the years has allowed me to form something of a rough guide for my own take on the issue.
I could try and explain it all and link it all together but it might be better if I simply provide links to my own Wiki-esk pages for the Transversal Continuity. They're quite brief, so have no fear.
Sparks - The physical embodiment of a shard of Primus himself which gives life to a Cybertronian.
Core Consciousness - Akin to the Brain Module postulated in the IDW-verse.
Laser Core - The linkage mechanism between Spark and Core Consciousness, but also acts as a protective housing for the Spark.
Shell Program - An over-ride of a Transformers Core Consciousness.
Basically, the relationship between Spark and Core Consciousness (Brain Module) is key to a Transformers' existence.
The relationship between the two nurtures a Transformers' personality in the early years after their creation, as a Spark that has just arrived from the Allspark is essentially blank.
The Core Consciousness would hold some basic programming (things like faction, a set of skills etc) much like we Humans have basic programming/instincts when we are born -- instincts like fight or flight that have been driven into our very DNA since even before our ancestors crawled out of the water and onto land all those millions of years ago.
The one thing we mustn't forget about a Spark is that it is a piece of Primus. Primus sent 13 shards of his essence forth and created The 13 to fight Unicron. After that battle, he populated Cybertron with more of these shards, Sparks, in order for them to grow as individuals and in time go forth into the universe and explore (on Primus' behalf) and upon their passing, their Sparks would return to the Allspark and bring with them all they had learned during their lives.
This means that the purpose of a Spark is two-fold: Not only to give sentience to a Transformer, but for Primus to experience the Physical plane of existence.
I think I'm getting a little off-track here...
Again, these are only my take on the issues involved and I've hardly done justice to the concepts floating around in my head. Maybe I should give it another looking at later when I'm not running out the door to go to work![]()